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desi, desh, home,
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madam
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The Location o/Culture third space, third space
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Grandma's Story
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Introduction and Theoretical Framework Preamble
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Resisting the Odds: The Voices o/Former Delinquent Women o/Color
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General Problem of Female Juvenile Delinquency
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Juvenile Justice System
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Female Delinquency: A Brief Background
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Racial Profile of Juveniles
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Percentage of African American juvenile arrests: Serious offenses Data source: Adaptedfrom Federal Bureau of Investigation, Uniform Crime Reports, 2003. Profile of Females In Juveniles Custody
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Gender profile of residents, 1999 Note: Total includes a small number of juveniles for whom race was not reported. Data source: Data source: Adapted from Federal Bureau of Investigation, Uniform Crime Reports, 2003. Racial profile of residents, 1999 Note: Total includes a small number of juveniles for whom race was not reported. Data source: Adapted from Federal Bureau of Investigation, Uniform Crime Reports, 2003.
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Significance of this Study
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successful Critical Race Theory as a Theoretical Framework
PAGE 44
Words That Wound,
PAGE 45
Critical Race Theory: The Cutting Edge.
PAGE 47
Racial Identity and Exclusion.
PAGE 48
Intersectionality.
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respeto dignidad Los Herederos de Change and Esperanza, Elements of Critical Race Theory.
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delegitimate Critical Race Feminism.
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de facto
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and or
PAGE 58
within among
PAGE 60
Conclusion: Using Critical Race Theory as a Framework.
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Operational Definitions Former female juvenile offenders Experiences
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Life circumstances Academic success Resiliency Success Reentry
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Brief Overview of Methodology
PAGE 65
A Historiography of Delinquency Why History?
PAGE 66
The Origin
PAGE 67
The Colonies
PAGE 68
Industrialization, Urbanization and Immigration
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The Child Savers
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parens patriae,
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Fair Labor Standard Act Progressive Era Reforms
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The Juvenile Court parens patriae
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1960s and 1970s Kent United States Re Gault
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Re Winship Breed v. Jones McKeiver v. Pennsylvania The Juvenile Delinquency Prevention And Control Act, 1968 The Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act,
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Get Tough on Crime Legis/ation
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Juvenile Crime Today and the Debate Over Capital Punishment
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Thompson Oklahoma Stanford Kentucky, Atkins Virginia Roper Simmons, Roper Simmons
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The Context ofF emale Juvenile Delinquency
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Vignette of a Young Female Offender
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Federal Working Group on Gender Issues Conclusion
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Female Delinquency: A Review O/The Literature The Nature and Extent o/Female Delinquency
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Females in the Justice system
PAGE 87
Risk and Resiliency Factors
PAGE 90
Education as a Factor in Female Delinquency Prevention
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The Scope of Female Delinquency The Extent of Female Involvement
PAGE 95
Arrests of persons under by sex, 2003 Index Crimes Part II Offenses Data source: Adapted from Federal Bureau of Investigation, Uniform Crime Reports, 2003.
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The Nature of Female Crime
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Risk Factors for Female Violence and Aggression
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Abuse and Victimization of Females
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School Failure
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Additional Risk Factorsfor Females
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Program Development to Address the Needs of Violent Girls Research in Prevention and Treatment Of Delinquency
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Individual and Family Theories
PAGE 105
Feminist Theory
PAGE 106
Integrated Theories
PAGE 111
Implications for Intervention on Reentry
PAGE 113
Conclusion
PAGE 118
Methodology Introduction
PAGE 119
Design of the Study
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cuentos, testimonios, Criteria for Selecting Study Participants
PAGE 122
Recruitment of Participants
PAGE 123
Sample Size
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Invitation to Participate in the Study
PAGE 126
Identity oj the Participants
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Storytelling/Narrative and Critical Race Theory as Method
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Data Collection
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Context of the Study
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Role of the Researcher Ethical Issues.
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Positioning Myself
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My Reciprocity.
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Study Limitations
PAGE 141
Preliminary Findings
PAGE 142
Data Analysis
PAGE 143
Data Management
PAGE 144
Conclusion
PAGE 145
Their Stories Introduction
PAGE 148
The Participants Angel.
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Rosa. Keisha.
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Latoya. Selma.
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Tamika.
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The Voices ofF ormer Female Delinquent Women of Color Angel's Story.
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Rosa's Story.
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Keisha's Story.
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Latoya's Story.
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Selma's Story.
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Tamika's Story.
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Foreword Discussion and Findings
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Discussion: Their Stories As Resistance
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Motherhood and Respect Jor Children.
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Finding a Home.
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Spirituality and Change.
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Personal Resilience and Motivation to Change.
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Recovery and Healthcare.
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Role Of Mentors.
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Community of Women, Social Support and Networking. Trusting Community of Women.
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Education as Freedom.
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Society as a Racist, Sexist, and Oppressive.
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Conclusion
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Epilogue: Resisting the Odds-From the Prison Track to the College Track Background
PAGE 203
The Dissertation Questions
PAGE 204
Critical Race Theory As A Lens: Offering A New Chapter In The History Of Juvenile Delinquency Critical Race Theory: The Cutting Edge,
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Racism as Normal
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Narrative as Methodology
PAGE 207
Historical Context
PAGE 208
Interest Convergence
PAGE 209
Racism is Permanent
PAGE 210
Critical Race Feminism
PAGE 212
Practical Implications
PAGE 213
Accepting education as a means to achieve freedom
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The importance of mentors
PAGE 215
Dealing with the variables posed by motherhood
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A Place To Live Other Implications
PAGE 217
Future Research
PAGE 218
Conclusion
PAGE 219
Epilogue
PAGE 222
The Souls of Black Folk,
PAGE 226
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